
Celebrating Unity in Diversity: South Africa’s Cultural Legacy and Heritage
Twenty-eight years into South Africa’s democracy, the celebration of the nation’s rich and diverse heritage continues to stand as a symbol of unity and cultural pride. Heritage Day, which debuted in 1996, represents more than just a public holiday; it is a day dedicated to embracing the multitude of cultures, languages, and traditions that make up the Rainbow Nation.
In 1996, President Nelson Mandela honoured Enoch Sontonga, the composer of the hymn Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika, which became an integral part of South Africa’s new national anthem. Sontonga’s contribution to the nation’s cultural fabric was commemorated with the unveiling of a monument in his name. On the eve of the first Heritage Day, Mandela spoke of Sontonga as “a distinguished son” who left a legacy that generations of South Africans could be proud of. This was more than just a celebration of an individual; it was a reflection of the journey toward a unified nation.
The evolution of South Africa’s anthem itself is a reflection of this unity in diversity. Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika, originally a Xhosa hymn, was merged with parts of the old apartheid anthem Die Stem van Suid-Afrika, reflecting the country’s commitment to reconciliation. Today, this anthem is sung by South Africans of all backgrounds, at international events like the Olympics and by sports teams such as the Springboks and Proteas. What was once a divisive symbol has now become a point of pride for millions of citizens.
Heritage Day is not just about commemorating history; it is about fostering social cohesion, reconciliation, and celebrating the multicultural identity of the nation. South Africa’s cultural diversity is immense, with 12 official languages, including the recently recognised South African Sign Language. This day serves as a reminder that despite differences, there is a shared national identity. The country’s vibrant mix of African, Indian, Coloured, and European influences can be seen not only in its people but also in its cuisine, music, and art.
In recent discussions on SABC’s SAfm’s The Talking Point, host Cathy Mohlahlana raised important questions about how the country should celebrate this diversity. With many South Africans feeling a lack of unity, Mohlahlana invited her guests to explore how Heritage Month could serve as a moment to reflect on the beauty and resilience of the nation’s cultures. The discussion underscored the importance of using the month to promote positive stories, heritage, and history, which unite rather than divide.
One of the major critiques surrounding Heritage Day has been its casual association with Braai Day, which some argue reduces the significance of the holiday to just a social gathering around food. While the braai is undoubtedly a beloved South African tradition, the true essence of the day lies in reflecting on the nation’s journey. Heritage Day is about understanding and appreciating the diverse backgrounds, struggles, and triumphs that have shaped South Africa into the country it is today.
Cultural heritage offers us clues into the past and guides us in understanding our current identity. It provides a platform for South Africans to engage with their history, from the ancient KhoiSan communities, the indigenous black people, to the arrival of Indian indentured labourers in 1860, and the colonial settlers of the 19th century. Each of these groups contributed to the country’s unique cultural tapestry, and each has a place in the nation’s collective memory.
Minister of Sport, Arts, and Culture, Gayton McKenzie, echoed these sentiments when he recently launched the National Heritage Month programme at Freedom Park in Pretoria. He called for the country to honour those who fought for liberation and to continue the work of building a society based on mutual respect, dignity, and understanding. Events such as the Heritage Day Celebration and Indigenous Games Festival were created to promote these ideals, allowing South Africans to engage with their heritage in meaningful ways.
Heritage Day is also an opportunity for South Africans to take pride in their national symbols, such as the six-coloured rainbow flag. Flying the flag is not just an act of patriotism but a way of reinforcing the country’s commitment to inclusivity and unity. In places like Namibia, where the legacy of South African liberation politics still looms large, national flags are prominently displayed, symbolising national pride. South Africans, too, should embrace the act of flying their flag, fostering a sense of shared identity.
Education plays a key role in promoting and preserving this cultural heritage. The importance of heritage should be a part of the school curriculum, ensuring that young South Africans grow up with an understanding and appreciation of their country’s diverse history. Heritage Day should be more than just a once-a-year celebration; it should inspire a continuous commitment to recognising and respecting the country’s cultural diversity.
As South Africa moves forward, the legacy of its heroes and the lessons of its past must continue to guide it. Heritage Day serves as a reminder of the importance of unity, diversity, and mutual respect. By celebrating the richness of our cultural differences, we can build a stronger, more inclusive society—one that honours the past while looking forward to a brighter future.
Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika—may South Africa continue to be blessed with the spirit of unity and cultural pride.

MARLAN PADAYACHEE is a still-practicing and seasoned journalist and photographer, former political, diplomatic and foreign correspondent, currently a media strategist, consulting editor, freelance journalist and publisher at MapMedia GreenGold Consulting (Pty) Limited; recipient, 2021 Ammen Award for Excellence in Media, member, International Federation of Journalists, Southern African Freelancers’ Association (SAFREA), SA National Editors’ Forum (SANEF), and Institute for the Advancement of Journalists, recipient, USIS International Visitor and British Council Fellow and Life Member, Global Organisation of People of Indian Origin (Gopio International), board member, RK Khan Hospital (2001-2022).
